A City at the Crossroads of Power and Politics of Somalia

 Kismayo, October 5, 2025

A City at the Crossroads of Power and Politics

In the warm coastal city of Kismayo, where the Indian Ocean meets the long shadow of Somalia’s turbulent past, one man once again finds himself at the center of the country’s political storm  Ahmed Mohamed Islam “Madobe.”

For over a decade, Ahmed Madobe has been a defining figure in Somali politics  a man shaped by war, faith, and the unforgiving contest for power that has marked every era of modern Somalia. Today, he stands as the President of Jubaland for the third consecutive term, a position he fought for both on the battlefield and in the political arena.

But behind the walls of the Kismayo presidential palace, the air is thick with uncertainty. The meeting between Madobe and President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud  once allies, now uneasy partners could set the tone for Somalia’s political future ahead of the 2026 national elections.

From AS to President

Ahmed Madobe’s journey is a mirror of Somalia’s own transformation. Once a militant leader in the early Islamist movements that shaped southern Somalia’s politics, he later broke away to form his own group, clashing with both al-Shabab and the federal forces of President Sheikh Sharif’s era.

His defining moment came in 2012, when with the help of Kenyan forces, his militia seized Kismayo from al-Shabab. From that day, he was no longer just a local warlord he became a regional president, a man who could shape not only Jubaland’s destiny but also influence national politics.

Over the years, Madobe has worked with  and against  four Somali presidents: Sheikh Sharif Ahmed, Hassan Sheikh (in his first term), Mohamed Abdullahi “Farmaajo”, and now Hassan Sheikh’s second administration. His political survival through these shifting alliances tells the story of a leader who understands Somalia’s complex balance of clan loyalties, foreign interests, and state fragility.

A Leader Backed by Allies and Shadowed by Suspicion

Madobe’s strength lies not just in his local support base but in his regional ties. He has long maintained close relationships with Kenya, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates, all of whom see Jubaland as a buffer against instability and extremism along their borders. To his critics in Mogadishu, however, this is proof of something darker  that Madobe is a man too close to foreign powers, a regional strongman protecting outside interests at the expense of Somali unity. Yet, despite years of accusations, no concrete evidence has ever emerged. To his supporters, these are the words of jealous rivals. They see him as a realist  a man doing what is necessary to secure Jubaland’s safety and dignity in a nation where promises from the capital often fade faster than they are made.

The Rift with Mogadishu

The tension between Jubaland and the Federal Government is neither new nor simple. Madobe’s re-election in 2024, his third consecutive term, was immediately rejected by Villa Somalia, which called it unconstitutional. The federal government wanted uniform national elections under its control, while Jubaland insisted on managing its own process.

This political tug-of-war has played out in multiple forms  diplomatic standoffs, armed clashes in Gedo region, and rival political declarations. Madobe’s declaration that the National Consultative Council was “defunct” was his way of saying that Mogadishu could not speak for the regions anymore. For President Hassan Sheikh, this is a direct challenge to federal authority. For Madobe, it is a defense of autonomy. The truth, as always in Somali politics, lies somewhere in between.

A Meeting of Necessity

Today’s Kismayo meeting carries both hope and history. It is not the first time these two men have sat across from each other, nor the first time Jubaland has been at odds with the central government. But the timing makes this one different.

The 2026 elections are fast approaching, and Somalia cannot afford another cycle of division. Both leaders know that without regional unity, the fight against al-Shabab still active in rural areas of Jubaland and beyond will falter. Behind the formal speeches and handshakes, there is a simple truth: Somalia’s federal project cannot succeed unless Kismayo and Mogadishu find a way to coexist.

A Balancing Act Between Power and Peace

Madobe is many things a survivor, a strategist, and a symbol of resilience. But he is also a reminder of Somalia’s unfinished story: a country still struggling to define where regional autonomy ends and national authority begins.

For some, he represents the stubborn spirit of a region that refuses to be ignored. For others, he is the embodiment of Somalia’s fractured politics. Yet even his harshest critics admit that he cannot be wished away. He has become part of the political architecture that holds Somalia together  imperfectly, but necessarily.

Conclusion: Between the Past and the Future

As the sun sets over Kismayo’s coastline, the question that hangs in the air is not just about Ahmed Madobe’s next move, it’s about Somalia’s path forward. 

Will this meeting mark a new chapter of cooperation, or will it become another footnote in the long saga of mistrust between the regions and the center? Ahmed Madobe’s story  from fighter to president, from ally to rival  is a reflection of Somalia’s struggle to reconcile its past with its promise. 

Whether the talks in Kismayo succeed or fail, one thing is clear: the future of Somalia’s federal experiment cannot be written without the voices of its regions, and in that story, Ahmed Madobe remains an unavoidable protagonist.

Yaa ku qatan Doorashada Qof iyo Cod?

 QOF IYO COD YAA KU QATAN? 

Nooca Dowladnimada Soomaaliya ee maanta jira, wuxuu ku dhisan yahay 4.5 ama 5 beelood, taas oo loo arkey xalka kali ah ee Dowladnimada Soomaaliya maanta ku dhismi karto burburkii Dowladii Dhexe kadib.

Nidaamka Federalka oo ah mid ku cusub Soomaaliya, lagana dheehan karo inuu yahay mid ku dhisan qaab qabiil, ayaa u muuqda in Soomaaliya meel fiican keenay Dowladnimadeeda maadaama uu yahay wax kali ah Soomaaliya maanta wax ku qeybsan karto si qabiil kasta u helo matalaad reereed.

Hadaba, waxaa la filayaa mar dhow in laga gudbo Doorasho dadban, loona gudbo mid qof iyo cod ah, taas ku imaan karta qaab Xisbiyo badan  ah.

Dalka waxaa ka jira Maanta #110 Xisbi oo ka diiwaangashan Guddiga Madaxa Banaan ee Doorashooyiinka ee Xaliimo yarey Madax ka tahay sida ka muuqato lifaaqa hoose.

Inta badan Xisbiyadaan kuwa uga caansan maanta la yaqaano madaxdooda waa labo reer oo kali ah, kuwaas oo mar walba  qabta Hoggaanka Dalka uga sareeya  ee Xilka Madaxweynimo.

Siyaasiyiinta D&M ee maanta hamiga ka leh hogaaminta Bulshada Soomaaliyeed waxey xubin ka yihiin dhowr Xisbi oo ah kuwa ugu caansan xiligaan ka jira Dalka, mana ahan Hoggaamiye Xisbi markii laga reebo inyar mooye. 

Dadka uga badan ee la filaayo inay Doorashada qof iyo codka ah dan ugu jirto markii la fiiriyo tiradooda iyo Deegaan Doorashadoodaba waa D&M oo aan maanta heysan Hogaaamiye Xisbi weyn oo Dalka ka jira.

Danta dalka iyo  dadkeyga dadaal bey rabtaa.....

Economic Empowerment

 

Two and a half decades of conflict, destroyed much of the country’s governance structure, economic infrastructure, and institutions. Following the collapse of the Central government, in 1991, Somalia experienced deep cycles of internal conflict that fragmented the country, undermined legitimate institutions, and created widespread vulnerability. 

In 2012, a new federal government emerged in Mogadishu within the framework established by the Provisional Constitution. A successful political transition was matched by parallel progress on the security front. Following the political transition in 2012 the international community agreed to the Somali Compact with the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS), based on the principles of the New Deal. The Compact, which was agreed to at the Brussels Conference in September 2013, provides an organizing framework (2014-16) for the delivery of assistance to Somalia in line with national priorities and increasingly delivered by Somali institutions.

 Economic empowerment is the capacity of young women and men to participate in, contribute to and benefit from growth processes in ways that recognize the value of their contributions, respect their dignity and make it possible to negotiate a fairer distribution of the benefits of growth. Economic empowerment increases Youth’s access to economic resources and opportunities including jobs, financial services, property and other productive assets, skills development and market information.

 Youth's economic empowerment is a prerequisite for sustainable development and for achieving the Development Goals. And economic empowerment is also a right. There is no quick fix. Youth's economic empowerment takes sound public policies, a holistic approach and long-term commitment from all development actors. Donors can also increase their investment.

 The economy is highly dependent on imports with the share of exports to GDP being only 14%. Imports account for more than two thirds of GDP, creating a large trade deficit, mainly financed by remittances and international aid. Remittances not only provide a buffer to the economy but also are a lifeline to large segments of the population cushioning household economies and creating a buffer against shocks (drought, trade bans, inter-clan clashes). 

Youth Challenge: 

The private sector is still fragile and cannot absorb high number of new graduates and even if that was possible, there is the usual nepotistic mindset of hiring family members rather than qualified young candidates. 

The entrepreneur minded graduates face the inevitable fact of not having a bank loan, investment houses and crowd source funding that are ubiquitous in more stable countries. Furthermore, electricity, internet and transportations are unavailable or expensive. Market access and local buying power are weak because of the lack of viable employment prevalent in the country. 

The result is thousands of youths who are unable to find jobs are lounging around Government Institutions, International Organization, and Private Companies. They are escaping from crushing unemployment, poverty and uncertain future. 

These youth are under pressure from two fronts, one from their parents who are eager for them to find a job and want them to create future for themselves. Secondly, the youth want to accomplish something meaningful such as creating family and to contribute society.

 Sadly, these bright young people after waiting years for job opportunities that never arrive are bored and finally are detached from the world they live in. They see their live meaningless and are willing to gamble it all. They are choosing between two equally perilous alternatives (1) Put their lives at risk as they go on a boat journey in search of better life in Europe (2) Join the criminal underworld such as gangs. 

The fact of the matter is, this is the Somalia’s youth landscape of today. It does not matter if they are in Mogadishu, Hargeysa, Boosaso, Baydhabo, or Kismayo the picture is the same. The studies show that over 70% of the Somali people are less than 30 years old. This majority has the capacity to either destroy the country further or contribute to its rebuilding, the Somali Youth are mostly unemployment.

 Possible Solutions: 

Guarantee formal and informal education for young people, channeling their power and energy into learning and development. Acknowledge and include young people as stakeholders in the process of peace and security building, bearing in mind that they are both affected by conflict and the key to a progressive nation. Eliminate the catalysts of conflict, 

1. The solution must be collaborative effort between the youth, educational institutions, government, United Nations, NGOs and international partners.

 2. The solution must provide apprenticeship education to prepare the youth with the skills they need to succeed in the new job creation initiative (Vocational Training the specific trade skills like fishing, painting, tailors.

 3. There must be seed funding in terms of Microfinance and initial startup resource and matching of the entrepreneur with cooperative enterprise that is available in his/her environment.

 4. It must have access to established experts to guide the initial months until fully operational stage is achieved.

 Conclusion:

 Youth empowerment in Somalia is a multi-level construct that requires an understanding of individual adaptation, Government, and community life evolution – representing the individual, Government, and community levels of empowerment. Youth empowerment can also be both process and outcomes oriented, empowering youth with skill development and opportunities, and creating empowered youth who have greater control in Governmental and community decision-making.

 Youth unemployment in is ticking time bomb that cannot be swept under the rag and cannot be ignored. It is a problem that is directly tied to security, stability, and nation building. It needs optimists with practical solutions and collaboration between the youth, government, academia, and willing international partners. To achieve that, we must first, acknowledge the problem exists and we need practical local solutions to fix it. 

Faa'ida Maalmaha Xurmada leh ee Bisha Dul-Hijjah

Maalinta axada ee nagu soo aadan 11 July 2021 waxaa inoo bilaabaneysa Bisha Dul -Hijjah waxay kamid tahay bilaha sida gaar ka ah ee xurmada u leh.
Ilaahey wuxuu ku dhaartay Tobankaan maalmood,
Wuxuuna yiri :(والفجر وليال عشر) 

Nabigeena Muxamed صلى الله عليه وسلم 

wuxuu yiri ma jiro maalmo uu ilaahey ilaahey ka jecel yahay acmaal la sameeyo tobanka maalmood ee ugu horeysa bisha Dul-Hijjah.
Faaidooyinka 10-ka Maalin ee ugu horeyso bisha Dul-Hijjah.

1) Maalinta 1aad ee Bisha Dul-Hijjah waa maalintii loo dambi dhaafay Nabi Aadam CS, Qofkii sooma dambiyadiisa oo dhan waa loo dhaafa.

2) Maalinta 2aad ee Bisha Dul-Hijjah, waa maalintii la aqbalay ducada Nabi yoonis CS isla markaasna laha soo bixiyey calooshsha malaayga, qofkii sooma waxay ula mid tahay sida isagoo hal sano caabudaayey ilaahey oo aan ilBiriqsi ku caasin.

3) maalinta 3aad ee bisha Dul-Hijjah, waa maalintii la aqbalay ducadii Nabi zakariya CS, qofkii sooma ducadiisa waa la aqbalayaa.

4) maalinta 4aad ee bisha Dul-Hijjah, waa maalintii la dhalay Nabi ciise CS, qofkii sooma ilaahey wuxuu ka dheeraanayaa Quusitaan iyo Faqri.

5)Maalintii 5aad ee bisha Dul-Hijjah, waa maalintii la dhalay Nabi Muuse CS, qofkii sooma ilaahey wuxuu ka badbaadiyaa cadaabta Qabriga

 
6) Maalinta 6aad ee bisha Dul-Hijjah, waa maalintii uu Alle Nabigiisa u furay albaabada kheyrka , Qofkii sooma wuxuu Alle ku fiiriyaa il naxariis leh.

7)Maalinta 7aad ee bisha Dul-Hijjah, waa maalintii la xirayo Albaabada Naarta, lamana furo ilaa ay ka dhamaato Tobanka maalin ee bisha Dul-Hijjah, Qofkii sooma ilaahey wuxuu ka xiraa 30 Al baab oo dhibaato ah, wuxuuna u furaa 30 Al baab oo Fudeed ah.

8) Maalinta 8aad ee bisha Dul-Hijjah, waa maalinta loogu magac daray (Tarwiya) Qofkii sooma wuxuu Alle siinaayaa ajir uusan ogeyn ilaahey mooyee.

9) Maalinta 9aad ee bisha Dul-Hijjah, waa maalinta la istaagaayo Banka carafa,Qofkii sooma ilaahey wuxuu u dhaafaa dambiyada sanadkii hore iyo sanadka soo sacdo, waana maalinta ay soo dagtay aayada Qu'aanka ee (أكملت لكم دينكم اليوم)

10) Maalinta 10aad ee bisha Dul-Hijjah, waa maalinta ciidul adxaa, qofkii Alle qurbaan ugu dhawaadana
wuxuu u dhaafaa dambiyadiisa.

Taariikhda Wariye Jamal Ahmed

 

Jamal Ahmad wuxuu dhashay 13 Oktoobar 1958  waxaana la waayay 2 Oktoobar 2018  waa Saxafi Sacuudi Carabiya u dhashey,  Qoraaga, iyo maamulihii hore iyo Tifaftire- oo ah madaxa Al-Arab News News Channel. Waxa kale oo uu ahaa tifaftiraha wargeyska Carbeed ee Al Watan ee  Sacuudiga ka soo baxa iyo Washington Post.

 

Khashoggi wuxuu ka tagay Sacuudi Carabiya bishii Sebtembar 2017 waxana uu galay dalka mareykanka. Wuxuu sheegay in xukuumadda Sacuudiga ay "ka mamnuucday Twitter", kadibna wuxuu qoray qoraallada wargeyska muhiimka ah ee xukuumadda Sacuudiga. Khashoggi ayaa si adag u cambaareeyay hoggaamiyaha sare ee Sacuudi Carabiya, Mohammad bin Salman, iyo boqorkii Boqortooyada Sacuudi Carabiya.  Waxa kale oo uu ka soo horjeeday faragelinta Carabta ee hoggaaminayey  Sacuudi Carabi  ee Yemen.

 

2-dii Oktoobar 2018, Khashoggi wuxuu soo galay qunsuliyadda Sacuudi Carabiya ee Istanbul si uu u helo warqado la xidhiidha guurka saxiibtiisa;  kadib kama soo bixin  dhismaha  qunsulada  taas oo keentay in la waayo kadib  Booliska Turkiga ayaa loo sheegay in la dilay isla markaana lagu dhex jirdilay qunsuliyadda.  Xukuumadda Sacuudi Carabiya ayaa sheegatay in Khashoggi uu ka tagay qunsuliyadda isagoo maray albaabka dambe,  laakiin booliska  Turkiga ayaa sheegaya inaysan CCTV  aysan duubin isaga oo ka baxaya qunsuliyada. 

Taas, oo markii dembe la ogaadey in lagu dhex dilley safaaradda Sacuudiga  ku leedahay dalka Turkiga, ayna sheegatey dowladda Sacuudiga dilka Wariyaha.

 

 

ALLE WUXUU DOONO AYUU YEELA, ASAGAANA DOORASHADA LEH.

 

Taariikh:

 Nabiga CSW, wuxuu ka dhashey Qabiilka Qureesh, wuxuu ka sii ahaa Qabiilka  fihir  wuxuu ka sii aha Kinaan, wuxuu ka sii ahaa Dhalkii Nabi Ismaciil, kasii ah Nabi Ibahim, kasii ah Nabi Aadan.

Magaciisa: Mohamed Inbu Abdallah Inbu Abdil-Mudalib  Ibnul-Hashim Ibnu Abdil-Manaaf Ibnul-Quseyi Ibnul Kilaab Inbu  Murah  Ibnul Kacab.

Hooyadii: waa Qureesh Magacedu waa Aamina bintu Wahab  

Ayeeyadiisa: Barra Inbu Abdul Cuza  Ibnu Cusmaan

Goorta uu dhashey : Isniin, Makka, sanadkii  caamul-fiil, waa sanadkii  Xabashida kacbada  soo wareertey,  Sanadkii 570-571 Hijriyah  Bisha Rabiicul awal 12-keeda.

 Markii uu dhashey waxaa naas nuujyey Thuweyba oo Abii-lahab uu lahaa ayaa naas nuujiyesay.  Wuxuu yiri Nabiga “Aniga  iyo Aba-salama waxaa na naas nuujiysay Thuweyba sidoo kale Hamza ibnul Abdulmudalib”

Waxaa kalo la sheegey in  Haliima sacdiya iyadana naas nuujiysay oo waliba afar sano mudo ah oo halkaas ku Korey.

 Magacyada Nabiga CSW: Magacyada qaar waa sifaad kala kedisan oo kala mid yahay Nabiyadii ka horeeyey, kuwana waa kuwo u gaar ah, Nabi Mohamed inuu shan magaca leeyahay ayaa la sheegaa, Mohamed kii la mahdiyey, Ahmed, Maahi kii masaxey, iyo Caaqib kan uga dembeeya iyo kuwa kale.

Taarikhda yaraantiisa: Nabiga CSW asago yar aya malaa’ik qabetey oo lagadey oo qaliin  ku sameeyey,  xinjir yar ka soo saartey laabtiisa,  kuna tiri taasi waa qeybta Sheydaanka kugu lahaa oo laga sifeeyay kadibna la dhaqey laguna celiyey halki markii hore laga soo saarey iyadoo nadiif ah. Calaamad muuqata ayey aheyd  meshi malaka uu ka qaley xitaa waa lagu arki  jiray weynaantiisa nabarkaas.

Aabihii : wuxuu geeriyoodey asagoo uurka hooyadiis ku jira oo hoyadii xaalimo ah, kadib hoyadiisa waxey ku  geeriyootey meesha Abwaa la yiraahdo,  iyadoo Mako ka timid asagoo lix jir ah , kadibna wuxuu ku soo koray agoonimo oo aan Aabo arkin markii la soo celiyey oo hooyodiisa dhimatey wuxuu noqdey (Yatiin) aan laheyn Aabe iyo Hooyo.

Awoowgii: Abdul-Mudalib oo aad u jeclaa, wuxuu geeriyoodey asagoo labo sano haayey, oo aabe wayey, hooyana waayey, iyo awoowgiisa waana dareen runtii qof intaas marey uu dareemi karo kali ah.

 Kadib 8 jir markii u soo gaarey ayaa hadana adeerkiisa Abdul-mudalib oo caruur badan heysta oo aan xoolo badan laheyn ayaa mudo ilalainaayey oo soo koriyey kaasi waa Nabiga CSW.

Sifaadkiisa iyo qaabkiisa: wuxuu ahaa nin dhexdhexaad ah oo aan dheereyn hadana gaabneyn oo dhanka dhirarka xiga. Wuxuu ahaa qof aan dhuubneyn oo aan buurneyn, wuxuu  ahaamid laabta u weyn oo laab ballaaran leh oo tin ka leh ilaa xudunta, gacmo kala baxsan leh oo jilacsan oo kala baxsan, garaba bidixna wuxuu ka lahaa meel yar oo kuusan oo timmo aruursan leh oo shaabadda Nabinimada oo khaatimadaa ah, wajigiisa wuxuu ahaa mid qurux badan oo cad oo casaan ku jiro, qaabka wajigiisa wuxuu ahaa wareegsan,  wuxuu lahaa dhabbanno shubban, wuxu ahaa mid aan afyareyn, ma indho yaryareen oo wuxuu lahaa indho jeexan, wuxuu lahaaa timmo, mararka qaarna wuu sii deyn  jiray,

Mararka qaarna wuu kala jeexi jiray, wuxuu lahaa gadh khafiif ah, wuxuu ahaa mid timo feereysan oo ilaaliya, cirro badan ma laheyn, xitaa markii geeriyoonaayey kuwa tirsan ayuu lahaa ilaa maalinta dhimashada, wuxuua ahaa mid nadaafad badan, shaleysan jiray, wuxuu isticmaali jiray udugga, iyo carfin wuxu ahaa nin meeshii fadhiisto laga dereemo carafta iyo udgoonka,  dhismo jireed oo qurux badan ayuu lahaa, qurux nin ayuu lahaa.

 Markii la tilmaamo dhaqankiis iyo akhlaaqdiisa:

Ummu Caa’isha waxaey tiri “Qur’aan ayuu akhlaqdiisu ahayd”.  wuxu lahaa akhlaaq koreysa oo aad u weyn, wuxuu ahaa nin aad isku dhul dhiga, oo la socoto heeybad, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u xishood badan oo geesi  ah, oo aad u gacan furan, hadana ka dheer is muujinta iyo magic raadin, wuxuu caan ku ahaa mid run sheega, camalkiisa ka run sheega iyo hadalkiisa, wuxuu caan ku ahaa mid  markii dunida soo wajahdo asaga jeesto.

Wuxuu ahaa  mid camalkiisa u gaar yeela Alle, carabka iyo afka mid aad u fasiiix ah, oo si degan u hadla, oo hadal kooban oo macno leh ku hadla, wuxuu ahaa mid qalbi degan hadii dagaal lagu jiro hadii kale, nin xakiim ah oo cagli badan oo aad fahamkisa  u sareeyo, wuxuu ahaa  mid dareenkiisa sareeyo, oo cafiya dadka ka qaldan, wuxuu ahaa mid ka dheer ad-adeeg iyo wuxuu ahaa mid sabar badan oo  dhiiran xaqa iyo oraahdiisa ku dhiran.

Nolashiisa: wuxuu ku  koray nolal shaqo iyo ad-adeeg wadata oo aan aheyn dhaldhalal, wuxuu ku soo Korey nolal adag.

Nabiga CSW yaraantiisa, Wuxuu galey labo heshiis oo waaweyn, dadka qaar waxey dhahaan waa hal heshiis, waxaan ka qeyb galey heshiiskii “mudayibiin”  wuxuu yiri Nabiga CSw “waxaan kala qeyb galey adeeradey anigoo dhalinyaro ah, mana jecli inaan buriyo heshiiskaas xitaa hadii la I siiyo geel cas cas”.

 

La soco qeybta 2-aad……

Dhaqankii hore ee Somalida

Taariikhda Ganacsi ee dalka soomaaliya ?

Dadka soomaaliyeed oo ah Beeraley iyo Xoolo Dhaqato ayaa waxay Taariikh dheer oo dhanka ganacsiga ah  ku leeyihiin geeska Qaarada afrika . Inkastoo aanan la heli Karin xog sugan ama qoraal taariikheed oo dhaxal ah ayaa hadana la dhihi karaa dhanka ganacsiga somalida waxay ka ciyaareen kaalin mug wayn oo ay umadaha qaaradaha kale ku nool  aad u qiraan.  Ganacsiga soomaalida ayaa taariikhyahanadu ku sheegaan in uu biloowday xiligii xadaarada islaamka ay soo gaartay geeska afrika waxaa kale oo jirta in soomaalida ay xiriir ganacsi la lahaayeen Asia ka hor islaamka . Kadib xadaaradi islaamka waxay soomaalidu bilaabeen in ay ganacsigoodu ku fidiyaan dhulalkii ay carabtu daganaayeen . Badeecadii ay soomaalidu dhoofin jireen waxaa ka mid aha noocyada kala duwan ee xoolaha sida Lo’da , Geela , ariga , cudbiga , iyo fooxa  waxayna kusoo badalan jireen Dhar iyo raashiin .    Ganacsiga soomalida wuxuu aad u kobcay waqtiyadii dhexe oo ay badatay is dhaxgalka shucuubta caalamka gaar ahaan xliyadii ay soomaliya soo gaareen dhulmareenadii carbeed iyo kuwii reer galbeedka kuwaaso sahan u ahaa wadamadooda , taasna waxay dadka soomaliyeed siisay fursad ay shucuubta caalamka ku daneeyaan dhaqdhaqaqii ganacsi ee ka jiray dhulka soomalida . halkaasna waxaa ka hanaqaaday xiriir ganacsi oo aad u adag oo u dhaxeeyay dadka soomaliyed iyo caalamka intiisa kale .

Ganacsiga soomaalida : Gumeystayaashii iyo xoriyadii Dalka

Xiligii  gumaysiga waxaa taariikhda ku sugan in ganacsigii soomaliya ka  jiray uu aad u saameeyay nidaamkii gumaysiga, taas oo ay kala sinaayeen guud ahaan ganacsigii ka jiray qaarada Afrika, wuxuuna dhaqdhaqaaqi ganacsi ee soomaliya gacanta u galay gumaystayaashii , ayagoo sicir aad u jaban kula wareegi jiray badeecadihii soomalida inta badana qaab dhac ah ku boobi jiray khayraadkii uu dalka lahaa.taasna waxay dalka dhaxal siisay dhaqaalo xumo aad u wayn.   Kadib xoriyadii dalka ganacsiga soomaaliya wuxuu soomaray xilli aad u xun oo mudan in si fiican loo daraasadeeyo balse xoriyadi kadib waxaa look ala qaadi karaa xaaladii ganacsi dowladii rayidka aheyd iyo midi militeriga iyo Kadib bur-burkii dalka iyo dagaalada sokeeye .

Dowladihii Rayidka :-

Wuxuu ganacsiga aas aas ahaan ku saleysnaa nidaamka suuqa xorta ah waxaana jiray in Inta aqoonta ganacsiga leh ee somalida ah ay aad u yaraayeen taana a sababtay in ganacsiga dalka badankii uu gacanta u galo shirkado ajnabi ahaa ama haraadigii gumeystayaasha Talyaaniga .  Sidoo kale dalka waxaa ragaadiyay masuqmaasuq kaa oo suurogalin waayay in hanaanki ganacsi ee dalka ka jiray uu kobco waxaana u sabab ahaa aqoon dari iyo maamulka oo gacanta ugu jiray shirkado iyo dad ajnabi ah . inkastoo xiligaas ganacsiga soomaliya uu aad u dhutinayay hadana wuxuu ahaa bilow wanaagsan , sidoo kale  dadka soomaliyeed kama aysan liidan dadyoowgii kale ee qaarada kula noolaa kuwaaso halgan adag ugu jiray in ay xoriyad buuxda ka qaatan gumaystayaashi.

Maamulkii militariga iyo ganacsiga

1969 waxaa dalka taladiisa la wareegay ciidanka xooga soomaaliyeed waxaana is badalay waxkasta iyo nidaamkasta oo dalka loogu noolaa . waxyaabihi isbadalay waxaa ugu toolmoonaa nidaamki dhaqaalaha ee dalka ka dib markii dalka laga hirgaliyay nidaamki hantiwadaaga ku dhisan cilmigaa oo laga soo dheegtay dalalkii shuuciga ahaa ee uu ruushku hogaaminayay.  hadii si sahlan loo sharaxo qaabka uu dhaqaalaha isku badalay waxaan ku soo koobi karnaa, ka hor nidaamki askarta, dhaqaalaha dalka wuxuu gacanta ugu jiray shaqsiyaad iyo shrikado taasoo ah nuxurka aragtida suuqa xorta ah halka nidaamkii ay dalka ku soo dabaaleen meliteriga uu ahaa in shaqsi iyo shirkado gaar ah aysan yeelan karin dhaqaale u gooni  ah, taaso ah aragtida uu hantiwadaagu ka qabo hanaanka dhaqaalaha .

Aragtida hantiwadaaga ayaa ku baaqaysa in dhamaan dhaqaalaha iyo ganacsiga dalkaba ay waajib tahay in ay maareeyaan dawlada iyo in dhamaan muwaadiniinta dalka ku nool ay u shaqeeyaan dawlada. inkastoo dadka soomaliyeed  dhaqankooda iyo aragtida hantiwadaaga aysan isla jaanqadi karin hadana dadki waagaas joogay si qalbi furnaan ah ayay u soo dhaweeyen nidaamkas , bilowgii maamulkiii meliteriga hormar dhinaca adeega bulshada ah ayay ku hergaliyeen nidaamkii hanti wadaaga waana waqtigii dhamaan shacabka lagu hawlgaliyay qaabkii iskaa wax u qabso , balse dhaqdhaqaaqi ganacsi ee dalka ka jiray ayaa gabi ahaanba istaagay taaso ay kala sinaayeen dhamaan dalalki laga hirgaliyay nidaamki hanti wadaaga .

Nidaamka hantiwadaaga ah ayaa dad badan ay aad u dhaliileen ugana soo horjeesteen waxayna dadka ku baraarugeen in uu nidaamkaan ahaa mid aanan gaarsiin Karin horumar dhaqaale.     sababaha ugu waawayn ee uu hantiwadaagu dalka uga hirgali waayay  waxaa ka mid ahaa in hogaankii xiligaas uusan aqoon dhab ah iyo waayo aragnimo buuxda u lahasayn nidaamki ay  dalka ku maamulayeen iyo dhaqanka soo jireenka ah ee dadka soomaliyeed oo aan marna waafiqi karin nidaamkas . Xiligaa ganacsigii dalka ka jiray waxaa lagu soo koobi karaa in ganacsi buuran uusan dalka ka jirin waqtigaas maadama dhamaan dhaqaalihi dalka ay la wareegtay dawlada , sidoo kale dhamaan badeecadihi dalka dibada looga keeni jiray waxaa la wareegay hay’ado gaar ah oo ay dawladu dhistay , waxaana si toos ah u istaagay hawshii dhoofinta iyo dajinta ahayd ee ay ganacsatada soomaliyed wadeen , waxaana shaqadaas la wareegay dawladii xiligaas jirtay .mudo ka dib waxaa isku  dhacay maamulkii meliteriga iyo dawladii ruushka oo ahayd hogaankii hanti wadaaga ku dhisan cilmiga, isku dhacaas ka dib dawladii soomaliyeed waxay si toos ah u joojisay hergalintii hanti wadaaga, ilaa laga gaaray burburkii dawladii meliteriga hanaanka ganacsi ee soomaliya ka jiray ma uusan ahayn mid si fudud loo qeexi karay , waayo ma uusan ahayn midkii hanti goosadka iyo hanaanki hanti wadaaga midnaba .

Dadka u kuurgala taariikhda  ganacsi ee soomaliya xiliyadii ay dawlada meliteri ay dalka ka talinaysay, waxay isku raacaan wixii ka danbeeyay isku dhacii dawladihi hantiwadaaga iyo dawladi soomaliyeed,  in ganacsiga soomaliya uu noqday mid ku salaysan musuqmaasuq iyo aqoondaro taas oo sabab u noqotay in dhamaan dhaqaalihi dalka uu si aad ah u burburo , sidoo kale waxaa meesha ka baxday qorshayntii iyo maamulki dawladnimo ee ganacsiga , waana taas sababtii ganacsiga dalka uu ugu gacan galay dad aan lahayn aqoontii iyo kartidii uu  ganacsiga guud ee dalka u baahnaa, taasna waxay sababtay in hanaanki ganacsi ee dalka uu galo mugdi  .mana jirin  xiliyadaas ganacsi buuran oo ka badbaaday musuqmaasuq iyo aqoondaro.

Burburkii dalka iyo Ganacsiga

Burburkii dalka kadib wey adag tahay in laga faaloodo iyadoo ay fowdo iyo dagaalo socdeen balse waxaan si kalsooni ay ku dheehantahay u oran karnaa burburkii dawladii soomaliyeed wixi ka danbeeyagy dalka waxaa badbaadiyay ganacsigii ay dadka soomaliyeed bilaabeen.wuxuu ahaa ganacsi ay dadka soomaliyeed ay kaga jawaabayeen baahidoodii aasaasiga ahayd ka dib markii ay meesha ka baxday dawladii agaasimi lahayd nolosha dadka . dhaqaale sidaas u wayn oo lagu bilaabo ganacsi tayo leh ma uusan jirin hadana waxaa la isku dayay in la bilaabo ganacsiga daruuriga ah .arinta  kaliya  ee ay ku  faani karaan dadka soomaliyeed meelkasta oo ay dunida ka joogaan wixii ka danbeeyay burburkii dalka ka bacdi ayaa ah muujinta ay muujiyeen kartida ay u leeyihiin in ay dalkoodi burburay ay ka hirgaliyaan ganacsi noockasta ah oo runtii badbaadiyay noloshii dadkii ku haray dalka ,waxaan dhihi karnaa waxay ahayd tijaabo geesinimo u baahan balse natiijadii ka soo baxday ay noqotay mid na wada farxad galisay .           Isla waqtigaa burburka waxaa biloowday ganacsi ay duruuftu keentay oo aan ka xusi karno ganacsigii isgaarsiinta iyo midi xawaaladaha maadama badi dakii soomaliyeed ay ku kala lumeen dagaaladii sokeeye ee sida xun la iskugu xasuuqay, waxana durba dalka ka hirgalay shirkado isgaarsiineed iyo kuwo biilasha la iskugu soo xawilo.sidoo  kale waxaa la bilaabay in meelo aad u fog fog laga soo waarido badeecooyin ay ka midyihiin noocyada kala duwan ee raashinka , dharka iyo waliba daawooyinka , kuwaas oo loo qabay baahi aad u wayn Inkastoo masuqmaasuqu uu wali ka marneyn ganacsigaa oo dawooyin iyo raashiin dhacay laga baayacmushtarayay .

Arimo badan ayaan dhihi karnaa waxay sabab u yihiin hormarka laga gaaray ganacsiga ay  dadka soomliyeed ka wadaan meelo kala duwan oo caalamka ka mid ah , waxana ugu muhiimsan arimahaas, marka koobaad dadka soomaliyeed waa dad aad u firfircoon oo jecel in ay isku biimeeyaan wax kasta oo cusub , sidoo kale burburkii dalka ka dib waxaa meesha ka baxay shaqooyin badan oo laga heli jiray dawlada ,shaqada kaliya ee dalka laga qaban karayna waxay noqotay in  ganacsi la bilaabo ,arinta kale ee ugu muhiimsan sababaha kobciyay ganacsiga soomalida ayaa ah hibada  ay badi dadka soomaliyeed u leeyihiin in ay  hal abuuraan fikrad ganacsi iyo kartida ay u leeyihiin in tijaabo geesinimo ah galiyaan fikirkooda / aragti ganacsi .

Taariikhda dhaqaale ee dalka soomaaliya

Dhaqaalaha soomaaliya waxaa lagu qeexi karaa mid soo maray heerar kala gedisan oo isugu jira ; xili gumeystaha uu ganacta ugu jiray ,  xili uu kobcay laga bilaabo 1960-69 , wuxuu sidoo kale soo maray xili lagu dabaqay nidaamkii hantiwadaaga iyo ugu dambeyn manta oo amni darada dalka ka jirtaa ay hooyo u tahay hormar la aanta dhaqaale ee dalkeena .  Dhaqaalaha soomaaliya ayaa wuxuu ku tiirsan yahay xoolaha nool , beeraha , iyo sidoo kale shirikadaha isgaarsiinta iyo xawaaladaha , iyo  sidoo kale iyadoo isku cel celis sanadii 2005 GDPga :- { isku cel-celiska waxsoo saarka dal } soomaaliya ay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin Beeraha oo ka ciyaara ilaa door dhan 65% , warshadaha oo sidoo kale ka ciyaara 10% iyo adeegyada oo ka ciyaara 25% .    soomaaliya ayaa waxey iska dhoofisaa xoolaha nool , dhuxusha , kalluunka iyo muuska .  waxayna sidoo kale soo dhoofsataa Qalabka wax lagu dhiso , batroolka iyo waxyaabo kale , dalalka ay wax kazoo dhoofsato waxaa ka mid ah djibouti , Kenya , India Oman , UAE , Pakistan iyo Yemen .

Hormarkii Dhaqaale ee 1960 – 69

Kadib xornimadii dalka dadku waxey ku baraarugeen baayacmushtari iyo shaqooyin iyadoo dalku uu ka hergalay maamul dowli ah oo soomaali ay hormuud ka tahay iyadoona dowlada ay abuurtay goobo waxbarasho , goobo horumarineed xag ganacsi , bulsho , caafimaad , isgaarsin iyo horumar dal iyo dad leh  taana waxey keentay in hormar guud oo xaga dhaqaalaha ah uu guda galo dalkii iyadoona sidoo kale ay aheyd biloow cusub oo dowlahii ka dambeeyay ay ku dayadaan .

Hormarkii dhaqaale ee dowladii militeriga

Dowladii militeriga ayaa la is dhihi karaa wax la taaban karo ayay dhaqaalaha ka qabatay iyadoo sanadadii 70kii ilaa 80kii ka hergilisay dalka warshado badan oo kor u qaaday dhaqdhaqaaqa ganacsi iyo kii dhaqaale ee dalka soomaaliya waxaa la dhisay warshado badan oo sanceeyo khayraadka uu wadanka soo saaro sida qasabka, hilibka, saliida, mooska. Waxaa dhaqaalaha kabitaan muuqda ku biiriyay dhoofinta xoolaha nool oo suuqyo badan loo helay sida suuqa Carbeed..

Badiba xoolaha la dhoofiyo waxay ahaan jireen lab (awr, dibbi, orgi iyo wanan) iyada oo dhoofinta dhediga sedexda duunyo ay mamnuuc ka ahyed in laga dhoofiyo dekedaha wadanka oo dhan sida dekadaha Muqdisho, Berbera iyo Kismaayo.

Warshadeyntii wadanka  ( Industrial Era ) sanadadii horumarinta ee horaantii 1970adii warshadihii hirgelay waxaa ka mid ahaa:

Warsahada Hilibka, Kismaayo

Warshada Sonkorta, Snai Jowhar

Warashada Dharka, Balcad

Warshadii shamiitada, berbera

Warshadii kaluunka , laasqorey

Warshadii labanka afgooye iyo Warshada Kabka Biraha, Warshada Saabuunta, Warshada Caanaha, Warshada Sifeynta Batroolka, warshada cabitaanka fudud iyo Warshada Sigaarka iyo Taraqa oo dhamaan ku yiilay Muqdisho Banaadir

Sicirbararka ( inflation) & Shaqo la’aanta ( Unemployment ) iyo soomaaliya

Sicirbararka iyo shaqo la’aanta ayaa loogu yeeraa labada sheydaan waxeyna dhibaato iyo saameyn weyn ilaa hada ku leeyihiin wadamada dunida iyadoona soomaaliya ay ugu daran tahay sababo badan oo isbiirsaday awadood Ha ugu horeeyso tan shaqsi oo ah in shaqo la’aan iyo waxsoo saar la’aan shaqsiyadeed darted uu qofku awoodi waayo in uu iska bixiyo kiro, ama uu la kulmi waayo himilooyinkiisa maaliyadeed sidoo kale waxey shaqo la’aanta saameyn ku leedahay bulsho iyadoo aan aragno in bulshooyinka dunida ay kaceen sida Masar , Tunisia , yemen, iyo Syria taana waxyaabaha sababay waxaa ka mid ah dhaqaale xumida ha ugu horeeysee shaqo laanta iyo saameynta sicir bararka . Tan soomaalida taariikh ahaan waxey ahaayeen dad shaqo iskood u abuurta ama dowladi ay u abuurto shacabkooda balse dagaaladii sokeeye kadib dalku wuxuu noqday mid dhalinyaro , iyo dhamaan qeybihii bulshada ayaa noqday mid habac shaqo la’aan ahi ay ku dhacday .  sidoo kale Sicirbararka oo ah koror ku yimaada dhamaan maciishadihi iyo adeegyadi dadka ayaa soomaaliya uu sanadba kan ka dambeeya uu isbadalaa siyaabo kala gedgedisan darted .  Shaqo la aanta baahday ee dalka waxaa lagula diriri karaa :-  In la maal-geliyo ganacsiyada yar yar ,  In buldhada loo abuuro xaruumo lagu Barto laguna Horumariyo xirfadaha yar yare e shaqo , Iyo ugu dambeyn in bulshada lagu wacyigeliyo  in ay dalkooda joogaan oo ay wax ka soo saartaan iyadoo loo maraayo saxaafada Edboon .

Gabogabo

Ugu Dambeyn waxaan qormadaan kusoo gabogabeynayaa sedex umuurood oo talo iga ah :-

1- In la helo ama la abuuro Dalad ama Urur aqooneed oo ay ku mideysan yihiin dadka bartay cilmigaa ganacsiga iyo dhaqaalaha oo talo iyo tus’aale ka bixiya sida howshaa ganacsiga ah loo abuuro , loo kobciyo , looga ilaaliyo fashilka iyo sidoo kale in dadkaa soomaaliyeed ee ganacsiga ku jiro la siiyo siminaaro iyo casharo yar yar oo quseeya ganacsiga waana in dadkaa soomaaliyeed ee ku jira dunida ganacsiga ay doontaan aqoonta ganacsiga .

2- In la maal- geliyo ganacsiyada yar-yar ee soomaaliya , laguna dhiiri geliyo han sare oo ah in ay gaari karaan guul ganacsi .

3- Iyo ugu dambeyn in ay fahmaan in fashilka ganacsi yahay wax caadi ah balse hadana mudan in la iska ilaaliyo